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Common symptoms of the diseases of fancy carps and Methods for prevention and cure
* The column of the website concerning the feeding of fancy carps and prevention and cure of the fish diseases only represents private opinions and is for reference only *
It is recommended to sterilize the rearing ponds in spring and autumn
It is recommended to sterilize the rearing ponds in spring and autumn
Do you know why the carps usually lose their
life in spring and autumn and don’t you want to understand
and be concerned about the water and pond used for feeding
your fish?
Some aquatic bacteria live in summer and some live in winter,
and they will change when the temperature is within the
scope of 13℃～18℃, at this time, the water temperature is
that changed from winter to spring and from summer to autumn.That
is the most dangerous phase for the carps
The change of water temperature causes the aquatic bacteria
come into being in the most changeful period. Since the
benign bacteria having the filtration capability are unable
to function, the infaust bacteria and worms will propagate
abnormally and make the water become muddy. By then the
infaust bacteria may infect your beloved carps thus infecting
the diseases such as trichodinasis or gill disease, which,
if such situation is unable to be paid attention to in time,
will lead to the death of fish.
Have you ever probed into the reason why your beloved fish
get their life lost? Have you ever observed its gills?
From countless discussion we find that,
most of such cases happened due to feeders’ neglect of sterilizing
the ponds in spring and autumn. What causes the death of
the fish? We have to find out the real causes, and you may
come along with you the dead body of the fish and discusse
with us to find out the real causes for the death of the
fish.
There are disinfectants specially dispensed suited the remedy
to the case in our company, and the disinfectants must be
spread in the rearing ponds for sterilization in the spring
and autumn.In case of having sterilized in spring and autumn,
the bacteria having the filtration capability will function
well and lustrate the infaust bacteria and worms to guarantee
the fish to live healthily through one year free of worry.
If you are willing to purchase our disinfectants, please
tell us the width and depth of your pond and the size of
the filtertank, we will then inform you after research.
As for the costumers living afar, we will post to you the
medicines required.
Please come and discuss with us at any time.
1．Ichthyophthiriasis ＜construed as: Epistylis, also named as white spot disease＞
Symptoms;
At the initial stage, the fin ends on the body surface will
appear the grain-sized white spots, the affected part will
be bloodshot around, and when the squama come off, the grain-like
white spots will appear. What’s more, the affected part
will have the bloody taste.
※ Epistylis usually parasitize on the surface of squamas,
but if appearing among the squamas, the fish are probable
to have got other diseases.
Method for prevention and cure:
※ The cycle of epistylis is 10 days, and repeats for three times subsequently.
Remarks:
Such disease usually happens in case the water temperature
is higher than 12℃.
Epistylis usually parasitize as the infusorium on the squamas,
and make use of the squamas as the place for propagation,
out of which such disease is thus caused. Though the epistylis
do not absorb the nutrition from the fish, the parasitic
part will have the phenomenon of congestion and shedding
of squamas and then other infection symptoms subsequently,
as well as distortion of squamas.
2．Fish louse disease/ arrow worms disease
Symptoms;
The fish leap, rub their bodies against the wall or bottom
of the ponds and swim excessively.
※ In case of carefully observing the body surface of the
fish, you may find small and round parasites growing on
the body surface of the fish or threadlike long and fine
parasites growing among the squamas.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle the dipterex for fishery use (liquid: 20%,
2.5cc/t; solid powder: 0.5g/t) into the rearing ponds
for 3~5 days for medicated bath.
- Sprinkle dimilin 1～2g/t into the rearing ponds for one
week ~ ten days for medicated bath. At this time the dipterex
can be used together without any problem. It works effectively
to use the medicine for once only.
※ Dipterex is only used for lustrating the larvae of arrow
worms without any effect to the nit and adult of arrow worms,
accordingly, it shall be sprinkled to the ponds once every
10 days for three times.
Remarks:
Parasites usually parasitize in the body and fins of fish
to infuse venom and suck blood simultaneously. Because of
the venom, the affected part will have the phenomenon such
as congestion and bleeding thus further causing the shot
hole disease or fish molds disease. In the event the parasites
massively parasitize, the fish will become very weak and
thin. Parasites are visible by eyes.
3．Fish molds disease
Symptoms;
Cotton-like molds can be found on the body surface.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle the methyl blue 1g/t and salt 5kg/t into the
rearing ponds for 3~5 days for medicated bath.
- Sprinkle the malachite green 0.25g/t and salt 5kg/t
into the rearing ponds for 3~5 days for medicated bath.
※ In case the water temperature rises up to 28℃~ 30℃ when
treating, the curing effect can be got earlier.
Remarks:
Such disease happens in winter mostly and is caused because
the aquatic bacteria of water molds attach themselves to
the fish bodies like cotton. The molds extend the mycelium
of the epidermic cells of the fish and then destroy the
cells, which will finally lead to the malajustment of the
self osmotic pressure of fish, and cause the weakness even
death (suffocation) of fish.
The occurrence of tail rot disease or aeromonas hydrophila
disease is the second disease caused by the molds in the
affected part.
Due to the aforementioned causes, the infections of fish
will worsen the water quality thus infecting other fish.
At this time, to prevent the water quality from worsening
and protect the fish from harms are the most critical.
4． Gill rot, fin rot, tail rot disease
Symptoms;
Various parts of the body surface appear the whitish and
turbid urine ulcer.
Fins are constantly shedding.
Mouth, fins, tails and gills are affected by inflammation
and then begin to rot.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle Uritrate or Oxolinic acid 100ml/t, Furazolidone
10g/t, and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days
for medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
- Sprinkle geomycin for fishery use 50g/t, Furazolidone
10g/t and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days
for medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
When the fish eat the baits, put the liquid medicine into
the ponds via caliber to treat in combination of medicated
bath according to the standards as 2g of Uritrate or Oxolinic
acid for every 1kg of fish for 7 days.
※ The disease is caused by the flexibacteraceae, therefore,
in case of using the medicines together with salt will get
a better effect due to the extremely weak bearing capability
of such bacteria.
Remarks:
If fish is wounded, it will infect the columnar flexibacteraceae
from the wounded part which is constantly dissolved due
to the protein decomposition ferment.
The bacteria propagate to a wide range from low temperature
to high temperature. They may appear in all feeding water
area with very strong infection capability, hence measures
for isolation must be taken as soon as possible.
Such disease is a fungous gill disease with the symptoms
such as bleeding in part of gills, and difficult breathing
and excreting subsequently.
At the initial stage of the disease, the parasites hardly
parasitize in the gills yet, but in the event of the disease
condition worsened, the parasites may eat the gills up,
and then the symptoms such as gill bleeding, abnormal excretion
of mucous membrane, absence of oxygen and so on will appear.
Finally the gill cover may either be closed or open all
the time, the gill will become white and spoiled and then
conglutinate.
The disease is caused out of the worsening of the water
quality or overcrowding of the fish. The dead fish must
be taken away and water quality must be paid attention to
all the time. It is difficult for the sick fish having the
rotten gills to breathe, so please try your best to replenish
sufficient oxygen with the air pump, treat the fish carefully
and keep the fish away from unnecessary movement.
5．White spot disease
Symptoms;
On the body surface appears the white powdery solid like
spots. Fish rub their bodies against the wall and bottom
of the ponds.
Methods for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle methyl blue1g/t and salt 5kg/t into the rearing
ponds for one week for medicated bath.
- Sprinkle malachite green 0.25g/t and salt 5kg/t into
the rearing ponds for one week for medicated bath.
※ The temperature endurance of the white spot disease is
between 6℃～25℃ (moderate temperature is between 15℃～18℃),
therefore, if the water temperature rises up to 28℃～30℃,
a curing effect can be got earlier.
Change water one week later according to the cycle of the
white spot disease and put the medicines into the ponds
again for prevention and cure.
Remarks:
At the beginning of the disease, on the body surface, gills
and fins of the fish infecting the white spot disease will
have the white spots of 1 mm, in case of leaving the condition
uncontrolled several days later, we can see the whole body
of the fish is full of countless white spotted vesicle.
In addition, the excessive excretion of the slime will cause
the fish difficult to breathe. The fish infecting the disease
will desperately rub their bodies against the wall and bottom
of the ponds because of the pains in the bodies. Such disease
occurs during the season of plum rains when the water temperature
is unstable and during the period from the beginning of
autumn to winter. It is also easy to happen when the water
quality changes or new fish are added. Pathogen is easy
to parasitize in the bodies of the nervous and fatigue fish
because of all kinds of reasons, propagate and parasitize
in the fierce form. It is a kind of disease hard to be cured.
6．Dactylogyriosis
Symptoms;
Unable to intake food, gathering at the filling pipe end,
inactiveness.
Perturbed attitude
Urgent breathing.
Some gill covers distort, some completely block out.
Disordered move suddenly.
Methods for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle the dipterex for fishery use (liquid: 20%,
2.5cc/t; solid powder: 0.5g/t) into the rearing ponds
for 3~5 days for medicated bath. A better effect can be
achieved if using together with salt 5kg/t.
※ A better effect can be achieved if using together with
salt 5kg/t.
- Sprinkle potassium permanganate 1～2g/t into the rearing
ponds for 3~5 days for medicated bath.
Remarks:
This is a kind of disease caused out of the protuberance
of dactylogyrus which pricks into and fixes on the epidermis
of gills and then parasitizes again. When the parasites
increase, there are also parasites on the body surface and
fins. The gills parasitized become extremely fleshy and
distorted, thus making the fish difficult to breathe, unable
to intake food and die finally.
Pretermission of the management of the feeding water also
contributes to the rising of the nitrous acid.
Since fish usually have bacteria themselves, the medicated
bath becomes extremely critical, observe the conditions
later.
7．Costiasis (white cloud disease)
Symptoms;
Bleeding on the body surface and squamas. There is no luster
on the body surface due to the parasitical flagellates within
the body of fish. The excessive excretion of the mucus will
lead to the cloudlike spots.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle formalin 25cc/t, malachite green 0.25g/t, and
methyl blue 1g/t into the rearing ponds for 3~5 days for
medicated bath.
- Sprinkle potassium permanganate 2g/t into the rearing
ponds for 3~5 days for medicated bath.
Note: The mixture of salt and formalin will produce toxins, so in the event salt has been sprinkled into the rearing ponds, pay attention NOT to use formalin together.
Remarks:
The parasites of flagellates and the irritative mucus excessively
excreted like the cloud parasitizing in the gills both contribute
to the suffocation and death of the fish.
It is easily for the fish that is want of nutrition and
weak to infect this disease.
The disease may not happen if the fish food fed has the
balanced nutrition.
8．Shot hole disease
Symptoms;
The body surface caves in just as being dug by a spoon with
the muscles bared and the parts like abdomen, back, and
end of tail forming ulcers like holes.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle Uritrate or Oxolinic acid 100ml/t, Furazolidone
10g/t, and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days
for medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
- Sprinkle geomycin for fishery use 50g/t, Furazolidone
10g/t and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days
for medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
If fish can eat fish food, treatment can be realized via
oral administration and medicated bath together.
Dose of Uritrate or Oxolinic acid for the fish shall be
calculated by weight, that is fish of1kg per 0.2g/t, for
7 days totally.
※ Extirpate the squamas in the affected part and the pyogenic
part, and cut the rotten skin off.
Remarks:
Such disease is caused out of the infection of the
non-motional aeromonas hydrophila. The aeromonas hydrophila
falls into the motional type and non-motional type, and
the disease mentioned hereof is caused by the latter.
Though no parasite like the arrow worms exists, at least
one squama is rubescent or congested, in addition, bleeding
at the end of squama and deformity of the squamas are also
the symptoms at the initial stage of the disease.
As the symptoms are worsening along with the gradually enlarging
congestion and ulceration, as well as the shedding of squamas
and deformity of the fins, the symptom of the shot hole
disease is gradually remarkable. The affected parts will
be spread all over the body like gill cover, mouth, larynx,
head, root of fins, and mandible. It is difficult to detect
in the disease only from upside; therefore, careful observation
is extremely critical. Furthermore, to make the water temperature
elevated to 28℃~30℃ is also one measure for prevention and
cure of such disease because of the high-temperature endurance
of the non-motional aeromonas hydrophila.
9．Squama erection disease
Symptoms;
Body swells like a cone of lacebark pine, squamas also erect
as the pinecone.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle Uritrate or Oxolinic acid 100ml/t, Furazolidone
10g/t, and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days
for medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
- geomycin for fishery use 50g/t, Furazolidone 10g/t and
salt 5kg/t, Furazolidone
If fish can eat fish food, treatment can be realized via
oral administration and medicated bath together. Dose
of Uritrate or Oxolinic acid for the fish shall be calculated
by weight, that is, 0.2g/t for 1kg of fish, drugged for
7 days totally.
Remarks:
This is a kind of disease caused out of the infection of
the motional aeromonas hydrophila.
Aeromonas hydrophila falls into the motional and non-motional
types, and the disease is caused by the motional aeromonas
hydrophila.
Such kind of bacteria is living in the rearing ponds and
within the fish body (the aeromonas hydrophila lives in
the unhealthy intestines of fish). If the disease becomes
severe, all methods are useless to save the fish’s life.
Since people usually discover such disease too late, the
water quality must be paid attention to all the time to
avoid such situation. The occurrence of the disease is a
bad example of the mismanagement of the water quality of
rearing ponds. The motional aeromonas hydrophila will come
alive when the water temperature rises to 25℃~30℃ with not
so strong infectivity, but if the pathogenic bacteria increase,
other fish may be easily to get infected.
The symptoms at the initial stage appear as ulceration of
mouth, occurrence of tail rot, fin rot and then infection
all over the whole body, exophthalmos, or/and concurrence
of the shot hole disease and squama erection disease.
The fish having the symptoms of initial stage has appetite
but is a little slow in movement and swimming, body surface
and tail fin are tilted slightly and the tilted part is
as red as capillary hamorrhage, just like acne grown on
the fish.
Subsequently, the movement of the fish will gradually become
slow, maladjustment of balance of the movement will be caused
out of the ulceration, gills will be destroyed thus leading
to hypoxia, aeromonas hydrophila will give off toxins which
will result in the loss of the body functions, fish will
die because of the blood poisoning, concealed hemorrhage,
peritonitis and loss of the function of viscera.
10．Nona
Symptoms;
Fish will lie flat at the bottom of the ponds as if it is
sleeping.
In case of any excitation, the fish will swim away immediately
but then it will lie flat again.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Elevate the water temperature up to 24℃~25℃. Sprinkle
Uritrate or Oxolinic acid 100ml/t, Furazolidone 10g/t,
and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds for 10 days for
medicated bath. In the event the liquid medicine becomes
soiled, replace it.
- Certain curing effect can be achieved earlier if elevating
the water temperature to 30℃.
11．Powdery mildew
Symptoms;
Protuberance will appear on the body surface and fins like
plantar wart.
Such disease only occurs in case of the low-water temperature.
Remarks:
In spite of having infectivity, the mobility of this kind
of bacteria will become slow at high water temperature,
therefore, if the water temperature is kept at 20℃~25℃,
the powdery mildew will be naturally cured within one week,
and the risk of reoccurrence of the pathogens will be reduced
during the period of feeding at a high temperature.
12．Flammulation
Symptoms;
Flammulation will occur on the body of fish.
The protuberant parts have pathological changes and discolor
as if being bitten by insect.
13．Dropsy
Symptoms;
Body is bloated and eyeballs sink. Stop swimming and lose
balance.
Method for prevention and cure:
Elevate the water temperature up to 24℃~25℃. Sprinkle Uritrate
or Oxolinic acid 100ml/t, Furazolidone 10g/t, and salt 5kg/t
into the rearing ponds for 10 days for medicated bath. In
the event the liquid medicine becomes soiled, replace it.
※ Certain curing effect can be achieved earlier if elevating
the water temperature to 30℃.
Remarks:
During the period of plum rains, all the fish in the pond
will infect the disease at the same time, and die two or
three days later. This is a kind of acute fish disease.
Because the capillary vessels of gills are oppressed, the
blood circulation will be spoiled and have the disturbance
of circulation. The key function to absorb and discharge
salt of the gills is also paralytic.
The sick fish will have the symptoms of protosalt and protosalt
compounds; accordingly, salt must be replenished to fish
as soon as possible.
14．Free-living gill disease
Symptoms;
When opening the gill cover, you may find the front end
of the gills is fleshy and closely adhesive with each other.
Method for prevention and cure:
Elevate the water temperature to over 20℃. Sprinkle the
Furazolidone 10g/t and salt 5kg/t into the rearing ponds
for medicated bath.
Remarks:
If opening the gill cover, you may find there is substance
of Japan agar shape at the ends of gills and the entire
gills are varicose, but nothing wrong is found from the
outside. In addition, it is also a feature of the disease
that the symptoms cannot be observed in the host and the
colony.
15．Trichodinasis
Symptoms;
Head will turn white.
Method for prevention and cure:
- Sprinkle the potassium manganate 2g/t into the rearing
ponds for 3 ~ 5 days for medicated bath for three times
every other week.
- Sprinkle formalin 25cc/t into the fishponds for 3~5
days for medicated bath for three times every other week.
※ Note: The mixture of salt and formalin will produce toxins, so in the event salt has been sprinkled into the rearing ponds, pay attention NOT to use formalin together.
Remarks:
As the saying goes, the fish has caught a cold.
The reason lies in the oval trichodinid and spherical trichodinid.
The disease is similar to the chilodonelliosis and costiasis.
Pay attention that the fish coming from outside may certainly
bring some presents (pathogen) in case of being put into
the ponds.
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